This question requires a consideration of the powers of individual directors to bind their company in contracts.

(a) 
2 marks Good explanation of the directors’ powers collectively and individually.
1 mark Some explanation, but lacking in detail or application.
0 marks No knowledge whatsoever of the topic.

(b)
3–4 marks A good explanation of express, implied and apparent authority plus appropriate application of that knowledge.
1–2 marks Some, but limited, explanation or application.
0 marks No knowledge or explanation.