This question requires candidates to consider the doctrine of precedent and in particular to explain two particular aspects of that doctrine.

(a) 
6–7 marks 
A thorough to complete answer, describing and explaining the effect of the court hierarchy.

4–5 marks 
A less than complete answer, probably unbalanced, focusing only on one aspect of the question, or lacking in explanation.

2–3 marks 
Some knowledge, although perhaps not clearly expressed, or very limited in its knowledge and understanding of the topic.

0–1 mark 
Little, or no knowledge of the topic.